Although the diversification time estimates place the Esculenta Clade in China as early as the late Cretaceous and the Elata Clade by the early Oligocene, 27 of the 30 species evolved between the middle Miocene 12Mya and present.Īrguably more mycophiles hunt true morels (Morchella) during their brief fruiting season each spring in the northern hemisphere than any other wild edible fungus. Of the 30 species in China, 20 appear to be endemic, nine were also represented in Europe, and four putatively fire-adapted species have disjunct distributions in China, Europe and western North America. Eleven novel phylogenetically distinct species were discovered in China, including two species within the Elata Clade and nine within the Esculenta Clade. Phylogenetic analyses employing maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood frameworks resolved 30 species in China compared with 22 in Europe and 19 within North America. To fully assess evolutionary relationships, previously published multilocus DNA sequence data representing all known Morchella species was included in this study. To investigate their species limits, we generated DNA sequences from portions of three protein-coding genes (RPB1, RPB2 and EF-1α) and domains D1 and D2 of the nuclear large subunit (LSU) rDNA for all 70 collections.
MORCHELLA GALILAEA HAWAII FULL
Based on the results of this preliminary screen, 40 Esculenta Clade (yellow morels) and 30 Elata Clade (black morels) were chosen to represent the full range of phylogenetic diversity sampled. The phylogenetic diversity of true morels (Morchella) in China was estimated by initially analyzing nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences from 361 specimens collected in 21 provinces during the 2003-2011 growing seasons, together with six collections obtained on loan from three Chinese herbaria. This is a first study comprehending the diversity and molecular taxonomy of yellow and black Morels from Pakistan. spongiola broadly conical, brown in color hymenophore and ellipsoid, non-guttulate, smooth- walled ascospores. elata shows narrowly conical, soft, hollow pale yellow hymenophore and guttulated, smooth-walled ascospores. crassipes is characterized by having narrowly ellipsoid, pale yellowish hymenophore and smooth-walled ascospores. which are the first time identified species from Pakistan. Based on ITS gene regions and microscopic studies, we have identified M. The final aligned data set for ML phylogeny through the ITS marker is 750 base pairs long. Maximum Likelihood analysis was conducted on RAxML on the CIPRES portal using the GTR +R model employed 1000 bootstrap replicates. Phylogenetic Tree was prepared using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) criterion. Inter and intraspecific polymorphisms among these species and phylogenetic relationships were also observed. From the Hindu Kush forests of Pakistan during the months of March to April in the summer of 2017 by employing genetic markers - Internal Transcribed Spacer region ITS of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. In this study, we have examined the diversity of yellow and black Morchella spp (classified by common masses). The Hindu Kush mountains’ forests of Pakistan are rich in morel diversity due to the prevailing climatic conditions and presence of mixed coniferous forests which serve as symbiotic hosts for them.
True morels (Morchella spp.) are highly priced for their edibility and unique flavor.
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